Руководство GTK# для начинающих

Оглавление

1. Предисловие

1.1 Что такое GTK#?

gtk+ - это мультиплатформенный тулкит для создания GUI. Предоставляя полный набор виждетов, gtk+ пригоден в различных проектах: от одноразовых игрушек до набора приложений уровня предприятия.

(from the gtk+ website (http://www.gtk.org/))

2. Установка

2.1 Скачивание/Установка

aptitude install mono gtk-sharp2

2.2 Внутри библиотек GTK#

2.3 GTK# или Glade#

3. Первое GTK# приложение

Шаг 1. Присядьте удобнее

Шаг 2. Создание папок и файлов

Шаг 3. Формирование кода

mcs -pkg:gtk-sharp-2.0 helloword.cs

Шаг 4. Добавление графического интерфейса GUI

using System;
using Gtk;

public class GtkHelloWorld {


public static void Main() {
Application.Init();

//Create the Window

Window myWin = new Window("My first GTK# Application! ");
myWin.Resize(200,200);

//Create a label and put some text in it.

Label myLabel = new Label();
myLabel.Text = "Hello World!!!!";

//Add the label to the form
myWin.Add(myLabel);

//Show Everything

myWin.ShowAll();

Application.Run();
}
}

mono HelloWorld.exe

Шаг 5. Формирование окна

Шаг 6. Добавление событий

• ButtonPressEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ButtonPressEvent)
  
• ButtonReleaseEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ButtonReleaseEvent)
  
• ScrollEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ScrollEvent)
  
• MotionNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.MotionNotifyEvent)
  
• DeleteEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.DeleteEvent)
  
• DestroyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.DestroyEvent)
  
• ExposeEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ExposeEvent)
  
• KeyPressEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.KeyPressEvent)
  
• KeyReleaseEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.KeyReleaseEvent)
  
• EnterNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.EnterNotifyEvent)
  
• LeaveNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.LeaveNotifyEvent)
  
• ConfigureEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ConfigureEvent)
  
• FocusInEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.FocusInEvent)
  
• FocusOutEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.FocusOutEvent)
  
• MapEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.MapEvent)
  
• UnmapEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.UnmapEvent)
  
• PropertyNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.PropertyNotifyEvent)
  
• SelectionClearEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.SelectionClearEvent)
  
• SelectionRequestEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.SelectionRequestEvent)
  
• SelectionNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.SelectionNotifyEvent)
  
• ProximityInEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ProximityInEvent)
  
• ProximityOutEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ProximityOutEvent)
  
• VisibilityNotifyEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.VisibilityNotifyEvent)
  
• ClientEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.ClientEvent)
  
• NoExposeEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.NoExposeEvent)
  
• WindowStateEvent (http://www.go-mono.com/docs/monodoc.ashx?link=F%3aGtk.Widget.WindowStateEvent)

public static void HandlerMethod(object obj, EventArgs args)

public static void ButtonPressHandler(object obj, ButtonPressEventArgs args)

• EventType.Nothing
  
• EventType.Delete
  
• EventType.Destroy
  
• EventType.Expose
  
• EventType.MotionNotify
  
• EventType.ButtonPress
  
• EventType.TwoButtonPress
  
• EventType.ThreeButtonPress
  
• EventType.ButtonRelease
  
• EventType.KeyPress
  
• EventType.KeyRelease
  
• EventType.EnterNotify
  
• EventType.LeaveNotify
  
• EventType.FocusChange
  
• EventType.Configure
  
• EventType.Map
  
• EventType.Unmap
  
• EventType.PropertyNotify
  
• EventType.SelectionClear
  
• EventType.SelectionRequest
  
• EventType.SelectionNotify
  
• EventType.ProximityIn
  
• EventType.ProximityOut
  
• EventType.DragEnter
  
• EventType.DragLeave
  
• EventType.DragMotion
  
• EventType.DragStatus
  
• EventType.DropStart
  
• EventType.DropFinished
  
• EventType.ClientEvent
  
• EventType.VisibilityNotify
  
• EventType.NoExpose
  
• EventType.Scroll
  
• EventType.WindowState
  
• EventType.Setting

using Gdk;
...
widget.ButtonPressEvent += new ButtonPressEventHandler(ButtonPressHandler);
...
private void ButtonPressHandler(object obj, ButtonPressEventArgs args) {

   // single click
   if (args.Event.Type == EventType.ButtonPress) {

       ...
   }
   // double click
   if (args.Event.Type == EventType.TwoButtonPress) {

       ...
   }

   // the left button was used
   if (args.Event.Button == 1) {

       ...
   }
}

4. Первое Glade# приложение

Шаг 1. Что такое Glade#

4.1.1 Что такое glade файлы?

4.1.2 На что похожи файлы .glade?

<!--*- mode: xml -*-->

<glade-interface>

<widget class="GtkWindow" id="window1">

<property name="visible">True</property>
<property name="title" translatable="yes">Glade Window</property>

<property name="type">GTK_WINDOW_TOPLEVEL</property>
<property name="window_position">GTK_WIN_POS_CENTER</property>

<property name="modal">False</property>
<property name="default_width">256</property>

<property name="default_height">256</property>
<property name="resizable">True</property>

<property name="destroy_with_parent">False</property>
<property name="decorated">True</property>

<property name="skip_taskbar_hint">False</property>
<property name="skip_pager_hint">False</property>

<property name="type_hint">GDK_WINDOW_TYPE_HINT_NORMAL</property>
<property name="gravity">GDK_GRAVITY_NORTH_WEST</property>

<property name="focus_on_map">True</property>

<child>
<widget class="GtkScrolledWindow" id="scrolledwindow1">

 <property name="visible">True</property>
 <property name="can_focus">True</property>

 <property name="hscrollbar_policy">GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS</property>
 <property name="vscrollbar_policy">GTK_POLICY_ALWAYS</property>

 <property name="shadow_type">GTK_SHADOW_IN</property>
 <property name="window_placement">GTK_CORNER_TOP_LEFT</property>


 <child>
 <widget class="GtkLayout" id="layout1">
   <property name="visible">True</property>

   <property name="width">400</property>
   <property name="height">400</property>

   <property name="hadjustment">0 0 400 10 212.4 236</property>
   <property name="vadjustment">0 0 400 10 212.4 236</property>


   <child>
     <widget class="GtkLabel" id="label1">
       <property name="width_request">38</property>

       <property name="height_request">17</property>
       <property name="visible">True</property>

       <property name="label" translatable="yes">label1</property>
       <property name="use_underline">False</property>

       <property name="use_markup">False</property>
       <property name="justify">GTK_JUSTIFY_LEFT</property>

       <property name="wrap">False</property>
       <property name="selectable">False</property>

       <property name="xalign">0.5</property>
       <property name="yalign">0.5</property>
       <property name="xpad">0</property>
       <property name="ypad">0</property>

       <property name="ellipsize">PANGO_ELLIPSIZE_NONE</property>
       <property name="width_chars">-1</property>

       <property name="single_line_mode">False</property>
       <property name="angle">0</property>

     </widget>
     <packing>
       <property name="x">96</property>
       <property name="y">88</property>

     </packing>
   </child>

   <child>
     <widget class="GtkButton" id="button1">

       <property name="width_request">60</property>
       <property name="height_request">27</property>

       <property name="visible">True</property>
       <property name="can_focus">True</property>

       <property name="label" translatable="yes">button1</property>
       <property name="use_underline">True</property>

       <property name="relief">GTK_RELIEF_NORMAL</property>
       <property name="focus_on_click">True</property>

     </widget>
     <packing>
       <property name="x">88</property>
       <property name="y">168</property>

     </packing>
   </child>
 </widget>
 </child>
</widget>
</child>

</widget>

</glade-interface>

Шаг 2. Интеграция glade файлов с нашей программой

// file: glade.cs
using System;
using Gtk;
using Glade;
public class GladeApp

{
   public static void Main (string[] args)

   {
           new GladeApp (args);
   }

   public GladeApp (string[] args)
   {

           Application.Init();

           Glade.XML gxml = new Glade.XML (null, "gui.glade", "window1", null);
           gxml.Autoconnect (this);
           Application.Run();
   }

}

4.2.1 Как скомпилировать?

$ mcs -pkg:glade-sharp -resource:gui.glade glade.cs

Шаг 3. Как использовать Glade# в моем коде

4.4 Как обращаться к виджетам определенным в gui.glade

[Widget]
Тип имя;

using System;

using Gtk;
using Glade;
public class GladeApp
{
   public static void Main (string[] args)

   {
           new GladeApp (args);
   }

   public GladeApp (string[] args)
   {

           Application.Init();

           Glade.XML gxml = new Glade.XML (null, "gui.glade", "window1", null);
           gxml.Autoconnect (this);                                                     
           Application.Run();
   }


  [Widget]
  Button button1;

  [Widget]
  Label label1;
}

4.5 Как добавить событие

using System;
using Gtk;
using Glade;
public class GladeApp

{
   public static void Main (string[] args)

   {
           new GladeApp (args);
   }

   public GladeApp (string[] args)
   {

           Application.Init();

           Glade.XML gxml = new Glade.XML (null, "gui.glade", "window1", null);
           gxml.Autoconnect (this);
    
           button1.Clicked += OnPressButtonEvent;
                                                  
           Application.Run();
   }


  [Glade.Widget]
  Button button1;

  [Glade.Widget]
  Label label1;
   
  public void OnPressButtonEvent( object o, EventArgs e)

   {
      Console.WriteLine("Button press");
      label1.Text = "Mono";
   }

}

4.5.1 Ссылки и другие руководства для изучения

• Gtk# Screencast (http://nat.org/demos/gtksharp.html) - Скринкаст Ната Фридмана, который ясно демонстрирует использование Glade с C#/Mono


• Gtk# website (http://gtk-sharp.sourceforge.net/) - Оффициальный вебсайт Gtk#


• Glade website (http://glade.gnome.org/) - Оффициальный вебсайт Glade


• Glade# and Gecko# (http://developer.novell.com/wiki/index.php/Glade-Sharp_and_Gecko-Sharp) - Простое приложение, показывающее как сделать простой веб-браузер используя Gtk#, Glade# и Gecko#


• Steticzilla (http://mysterion.org/~danw/blog/2005/03/steticzilla.html) - Скринкаст danw (http://mysterion.org/~danw/blog/) показывающий простую конструкцию Mozilla-основанного браузера используя Stetic


• Glade - быстрая разработка приложений с Gnome2 (http://www.gotmono.com/docs/gnome/bindings/glade/glade.html) - Другое руководство по Glade#, включает детали как внедрять .glade файлы в .exe